Crenicara punctulata

Crenicara punctulata is recognized by its checkerboard pattern made up of rows of dark squares on its body. Because its males reach 10–12 cm, it is not a true dwarf, but thanks to its calm nature it is kept alongside dwarf cichlids. Its most interesting feature is sequential hermaphroditism: all the young develop as females; the dominant female in the group gradually turns into a functional male. If there is no male in the aquarium, the strongest female makes this change.

• At least 120 liters and a large footprint for a group of 3–4.
• 24–27°C; soft to moderately hard water is enough for everyday care, but breeding requires soft, acidic water.
• Fine sand, dried leaves, roots and plants; flat stones and broad leaves serve as spawning surfaces.

Carnivorous. Frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, mysis and daphnia along with sinking granules are suitable. Live food strengthens breeding condition.

Peaceful; the male guards the area where the females are, and the females care for the eggs and fry. It spawns on open surfaces. Females ready to breed are easily recognized by their bright orange pelvic fins. Because of its size, it hunts dwarf shrimp.

Good companions: medium-sized tetras, hatchetfish, Corydoras, bristlenose plecos, other peaceful South American species.

Avoid: shrimp, aggressive cichlids, very small and slow fish (small enough to fit in its mouth).