Spotted Tilapia

The spotted tilapia is a large cichlid from the coastal rivers and lagoons of West Africa. Juveniles carry distinct dark vertical bars; in adults these bars give way to large dark spots arranged on an olive-gold background. It grows up to 30 cm, is long-lived and becomes quite aggressive with age. It eats plants and constantly digs up the substrate.

Legal and ethical warning: Wherever the species has been released into waters outside its native range, such as Florida and Australia, it has become established and invasive. It must never be released into the wild under any circumstances; fish that cannot be cared for should be given to a dealer or another aquarist.

• At least 450 liters and 180 cm of length for a single adult or a pair.
• Large rocks and roots; sturdy decor instead of plants.
• pH 6.5–8, a wide hardness range; a 30% water change every week and a very strong filter.
• Sand substrate; rocks should be set directly on the glass bottom.

Omnivorous with a leaning toward plant matter. It is fed large cichlid granules, spirulina-based foods, vegetables and frozen shrimp.

Adults are territorial and aggressive; it preys on fish that fit in its mouth. A compatible pair lays a large number of eggs on a flat stone and guards the fry together.

Good companions: Very robust large cichlids of its own size and big catfish.

Avoid: Small and medium-sized fish, shrimp, calm species, planted layouts.