Betta pugnax

Betta pugnax is the species that gives its name to the "pugnax group" of mouthbrooding bettas. Its sturdy 8–10 cm body is covered with rows of shiny green-blue scales on a brown background; the gill covers have turquoise reflections. It lives in clear, gently flowing forest streams of the Malay Peninsula. The male carries the fertilized eggs in his mouth for about 10–14 days. Because it is highly adaptable, it is a good species for those who want to get started with mouthbrooding bettas.

• At least 60 liters for a pair.
• 24–26°C, pH 5.5–7, soft to moderately hard water.
• Hiding places made with roots, rocks, dried leaves and plants.
• Gentle flow and good oxygenation.
• It is an excellent jumper; a tight lid is essential.

Carnivorous. It usually accepts granules; supplement with frozen and live bloodworms, brine shrimp and mosquito larvae. Feed in moderation 1–2 times a day.

A calm, balanced species; pairs move around together. Males display to each other, but serious fighting is rare in a large aquarium. It hunts shrimp and small fish fry.

Good companions: pencilfish, calm rasboras, kuhli loach, corydoras, otocinclus.

Avoid: dwarf shrimp, fin nippers, fast and greedy species, aggressive cichlids.